In earthquakes, certain soils (especially sandy soils) have a tendency to liquify and then, moments later, resolidify, trapping whatever sank into them during those moments. This map, from The New York Times, looks at the areas of San Francisco most likely to liquify during an earthquake. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/17/us/san-francisco-earthquake-seismic-gamble.html

Philosophers have long debated the possibilities and consequences of artificial intelligence. This article from Philosophy Now (UK) considers whether *what* a robot is made from might affect its prospect for consciousness. Specifically, because we know that organic material can give rise to consciousness, might a robot constructed in whole or in part of organic materials be capable of consciousness? philosophynow.org/issues/125/Could_a_Robot_be_Conscious

This geo-graphic shows the world's major languages, represented proportionally by number of native speakers, with the countries in which those languages are spoken also shown proportionally. www.lucasinfografia.com/Mother-tongues

Interested in a sailboat as your classroom for a few hours? SeaAffinity takes students out on the Chesapeake Bay to learn about science. A new four-week class in marine biology starts next week. (The SeaAffinity classes in environmental science and math/physics are already full.) seaaffinity.org/homeschool.html

This 2-minute video, posted by The Economist (UK), maps the route of illegal ivory trafficking, from source countries to final destination. www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=10&v=Lit2DbeT-9U

Today is the 32nd anniversary of the beginning of the fire that destroyed the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in what was then the Soviet Union and is today Ukraine. What do you do with a 1,000-square-mile swath of land that will remain radioactive for another 24,000 years? A German company has begun construction of a solar farm near the Chernobyl site. After all, the land can't be used for agriculture or human habitation, but the transmission lines from the nuclear power plant are still largely intact. www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chernobyl-site-solar-power-plant-opens-new-renewable-energy-nuclear-disaster-ukraine-a8159891.html

The king of the small African country bordering South Africa and Mozambique has announced that the country is returning to its pre-colonial name: Swaziland is now eSwatini. Nearly 50 years after the country's independence from Britain, the country is reclaiming its traditional name. geographical.co.uk/geopolitics/geopolitics/item/2708-swaziland-renamed-the-kingdom-of-eswatini

This map uses housing data to arrive at the minimum salary required in each state to buy an average-priced home.  howmuch.net/articles/salary-to-afford-the-average-home-in-your-state

Does the language in which we are thinking about an ethical dilemma affect our decisions? Researchers are finding that, yes, considering a moral problem in the language we learned as a child can yield different decisions from those we reach considering the same problem in another language in which we are fluent. (The specific languages do not seem to matter.)

"Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing modes of thinking—one of these, a quick, gut-level “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language cues our cognitive system to prepare for strenuous activity. ... An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages vibrate with greater emotional intensity than do those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less laden with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood."
www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-morality-changes-in-a-foreign-language/

I found this map for my "Stock Market Challenge: Intro to Finance" class. It shows the 20 largest stock exchanges in the world as measured by market capitalization. (The New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ are #1 and #2, respectively.) Neither the NYSE nor the NASDAQ lists the most publicly traded companies, though; that distinction belongs to the Bombay Stock Exchange, which is Asia's oldest stock exchange. www.visualcapitalist.com/20-largest-stock-exchanges-world/

Tomorrow kicks off National Park Week with a fee-free day across the entire U.S. national park system! Within the parks, tomorrow is also National Junior Ranger Day for kids ages 5-13. To learn more, see www.nps.gov/subjects/npscelebrates/national-park-week.htm

This map compares when women got the right to vote in a given country. (The asterisks suggest that a woman's right to vote came in stages in that country; for example, some states/provinces may have allowed women to vote earlier than the national law or the national law initially applied only to women who met certain age/property requirements  and full suffrage came later.) i.redd.it/jmwkxomstiq01.jpg

One of the students in my online science fiction class ("Who We Are & What We Dream: Comparative Science Fiction") shared this amazingly cool site that tracks cyberattacks in real-time: map.norsecorp.com/#/

This article from Geographical magazine (UK) examines the issues behind the "Macedonia" naming dispute that has soured relations between Greece, the former Yugoslavian People's Republic of Macedonia, and Bulgaria: Who is Macedonia? Where is Macedonia? What was Macedonia? Why does it matter? geographical.co.uk/geopolitics/hotspot/item/2674-hotspot-greece-and-macedonia

Baseball season is underway, and this map shows regions of the U.S. (and southern Canada) defined by proximity to the nearest Major League Baseball park. Who would have guessed that the region for the Atlanta Braves is the largest by population?
i.redditmedia.com/l3V-K7eOv3bS70yqtJmjhvvPqiSBgYG4Br0-qAReKw0.jpg?w=1024&s=fd4c85b4d228683b15b2f6e787f04078

The University of Kentucky Philosophy Graduate Student Association is sponsoring a day camp from July 9-13 (9 am-4 pm) on UK's Lexington campus for high school students devoted to the theme of justice. The camp is free, but because this is not a residential camp, families must provide their own housing and meals in addition to transportation. For more information, see www.uky.edu/hr/sites/www.uky.edu.hr/files/worklife/documents/ukworklife_2018summercamps_ukphilosophy.pdf

Antarctica is known to be geothermically active. "A new NASA study adds evidence that a geothermal heat source called a mantle plume lies deep below Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land, explaining some of the melting that creates lakes and rivers under the ice sheet. Although the heat source isn't a new or increasing threat to the West Antarctic ice sheet, it may help explain why the ice sheet collapsed rapidly in an earlier era of rapid climate change, and why it is so unstable today. The stability of an ice sheet is closely related to how much water lubricates it from below, allowing glaciers to slide more easily. Understanding the sources and future of the meltwater under West Antarctica is important for estimating the rate at which ice may be lost to the ocean in the future. Antarctica's bedrock is laced with rivers and lakes, the largest of which is the size of Lake Erie." This map shows the continent's subglacial rivers and lakes. www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6996

In conjunction with the 2018 March for Science, groups ranging from The Nature Conservancy and the American Association of Anatomists to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) will be leading educational events on the National Mall tomorrow, beginning at 9:00 am. There will be a Kids Zone, a program on the science of superheroes, and more. Not in the DC area and wondering what, if anything, might be planned near you? You can check out the map and links here: www.marchforscience.com/

Three years in, the civil war in Yemen shows no signs of a resolution and has devolved into one of the world's worst humanitarian crises, marked by cholera, widespread malnutrition, and mass displacement of civilian populations in addition to an average of one air strike every 100 minutes by the Saudi-led coalition. This map, from a recent report by Chatham House (UK), scratches the surface of the complexity of the Yemeni situation.  reader.chathamhouse.org/epubs/631/images/CHHJ5863-Yemen-Map1-Internal-Divisions.png 
For the full report, see www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/publications/research/2017-12-20-yemen-national-chaos-local-order-salisbury2.pdf

Israel is facing a particularly difficult leadership choice in the coming months and years: does it want to preserve its democracy or does it want to preserve its Jewish majority? New data in a report delivered to the Israeli Knesset recently suggest the numbers of Jews and Arabs in the land currently controlled by Israel (from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean) are now essentially equal. Although this demographic issue has been discussed, and dismissed, as a possibility for years, the Israeli army's Civil Administration unit reports that it is now a fact.  www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/04/israel-palestinians-demography-jordan-river-apartheid.html

Most people associate potatoes with Idaho and citrus with Florida. What is less well known is that roughly half of all the mushrooms grown commercially in the United States are grown in a single county in Pennsylvania (Chester County, just west of Philadelphia). Geographers researching risks to the mushroom industry are finding that changes in U.S. immigration policy are at the top of the list: because mushrooms are harvested by hand, the industry is heavily dependent on immigrant labor, mostly from Latin America. phys.org/news/2018-03-mushroom-geography.html

This map compares U.S. educational attainment, as measured by high school graduation rates, by state, with countries of similar educational attainment. www.homesnacks.net/this-surprising-map-shows-all-50-states-renamed-for-countries-with-similar-education-levels-123796/

This article on human-robot relationships caught my attention because it tied in perfectly with a discussion my online science fiction class ("Who We Are & What We Dream: Comparative Science Fiction") was having in response to one of the short stories we'd read.

Would "relationships with robots would be fake and illusory: perceptual tricks, foisted on us by commercially driven corporations"? Or are we just deluded into thinking "biological tissue is magic" and that "there is little reason to doubt that a robot that is behaviourally and functionally equivalent to a human cannot sustain a meaningful relationship[?] There is, after all, every reason to suspect that we are programmed, by evolution and culture, to develop loving attachments to one another. It might be difficult to reverse-engineer our programming, but this is increasingly true of robots too, particularly when they are programmed with learning rules that help them to develop their own responses to the world." 
aeon.co/essays/programmed-to-love-is-a-human-robot-relationship-wrong

In a sign of the times, Google Maps may be adding a new feature: a circular red tag identifying locations with a confirmed active shooter. Google did this during the shooting at the (Google-owned) YouTube headquarters earlier this week, and Google Maps is reportedly in discussions with local law enforcement to add this feature. www.cnet.com/news/youtube-san-bruno-shooting-appears-on-google-maps/

National Geographic's Explorer Classroom invites students to participate in live webinars with scientists, photojournalists, and other explorers to learn about their work. April celebrates the centennial of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, with several programs throughout the month focusing on work related to bird conservation.  To register (or to find recordings from past programs), visit www.nationalgeographic.org/education/programs/explorer-classroom/